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Cranberries may make bacteria "less sticky" in the urinary tract.
Early in the 1900s, a paper found that urine pH decreased after consumption of cranberry sauce (Blatherwick, 1914). Many subsequent researchers looked at the health benefits of cranberries and tried to link them with urine pH (see human study list attached). By the 1960s, researchers (Kahn, 1967) found that cranberry juice altered urine pH for only a short period of time. They concluded that acidification was not the main mechanism of action.
Current studies indicate that cranberry juice contains unique, naturally occurring substances that may inhibit bacteria from adhering to the walls/lining of the bladder and urinary tract, helping prevent urinary infections. (Avorn, 1994; Sobota, 1984; Schmidt and Sobota, 1988; Zafriri, 1989). Based on these studies, regular consumption of one 10 oz. glass a day of 27% cranberry beverage should help maintain a healthy urinary tract.
Urinary tract infections (UTI) occur when bacteria (primarily Escherichia coli or E coli) adhere (stick) to the walls of the bladder, kidney, or urethra and then multiply. Any bacteria present are normally flushed out of the urinary tract during urination. If bacteria colonize the urinary tract, they multiply and destroy the lining of the bladder and disrupt the small capillaries, leading to blood in the urine in some cases. Persistent, untreated UTI can lead to kidney failure and the loss of one or both kidneys. For this reason, cranberry juice is frequently administered to institutionalized elderly and other groups of people at high risk for UTI.
UTI are very common in American women, with about 25% being affected over a lifetime (Hooton, 1991). Many are plagued by persistent infections that often require ongoing treatment with expensive antibiotics (NIH, 1991, Kuzminski, 1996). In 1996, there were 6.7 million doctors' visits and 1.6 million hospital discharges related to UTI (NCHS/CDC data, 1998). Using an average cost of $100 for the doctor's visit and medication, UTI cost the economy $820 million dollars per year.
Early in the 1900s, a paper found that urine pH decreased after consumption of cranberry sauce (Blatherwick, 1914). Many subsequent researchers looked at the health benefits of cranberries and tried to link them with urine pH (see human study list attached). By the 1960s, researchers (Kahn, 1967) found that cranberry juice altered urine pH for only a short period of time. They concluded that acidification was not the main mechanism of action.
Current studies indicate that cranberry juice contains unique, naturally occurring substances that may inhibit bacteria from adhering to the walls/lining of the bladder and urinary tract, helping prevent urinary infections. (Avorn, 1994; Sobota, 1984; Schmidt and Sobota, 1988; Zafriri, 1989). Based on these studies, regular consumption of one 10 oz. glass a day of 27% cranberry beverage should help maintain a healthy urinary tract.
Urinary tract infections (UTI) occur when bacteria (primarily Escherichia coli or E coli) adhere (stick) to the walls of the bladder, kidney, or urethra and then multiply. Any bacteria present are normally flushed out of the urinary tract during urination. If bacteria colonize the urinary tract, they multiply and destroy the lining of the bladder and disrupt the small capillaries, leading to blood in the urine in some cases. Persistent, untreated UTI can lead to kidney failure and the loss of one or both kidneys. For this reason, cranberry juice is frequently administered to institutionalized elderly and other groups of people at high risk for UTI.
UTI are very common in American women, with about 25% being affected over a lifetime (Hooton, 1991). Many are plagued by persistent infections that often require ongoing treatment with expensive antibiotics (NIH, 1991, Kuzminski, 1996). In 1996, there were 6.7 million doctors' visits and 1.6 million hospital discharges related to UTI (NCHS/CDC data, 1998). Using an average cost of $100 for the doctor's visit and medication, UTI cost the economy $820 million dollars per year.
