Here's the abstract:Contraceptive efficacy of testosterone-induced azoospermia in normal men.
Abstract: The goal of developing a safe, effective, reversible method of male contraception has been elusive. Only two methods of contraception are generally used by men: vasectomy, which is not reversible, and condoms, which are not fully effective. For two decades researchers have evaluated the ability of androgens (male hormones) to suppress sperm production, but they have not documented whether this results in effective contraception. The current study, conducted in 10 centers and 7 countries, assessed the efficacy of hormonally-induced azoospermia (lack of sperm) in 271 fertile men with regular partners. Once a week for 12 months each subject received an injection of 200 milligrams of testosterone enanthate, a long-acting form of testosterone, a naturally occurring male hormone. Testosterone enanthate proved to be efficacious in preventing conception; the results indicate that this method is comparable to injectable female contraceptives, more effective than birth control pills and intrauterine devices (IUDs), and substantially better than condoms in preventing pregnancy. One pregnancy occurred, but was described as ''possibly extramarital'', a potentially confounding factor in any study of male contraception. Although the male hormones are considered to be safe, the possibility of long-term side effects, such as cardiovascular and prostatic diseases, is unknown. Large-scale surveillance is needed to assess these risks. None of the men dropped out of the study because of serious side effects. Sixty-eight men were eliminated because azoospermia was not achieved within six months. The most common reasons cited by those who discontinued their participation were: difficulty complying with the weekly injection schedule, acne, separation or divorce from partner, and moving from the area. At the end of the study period, 230 men recovered normal sperm production within a median of 3.7 months. Although testosterone-induced azoospermia is an effective method of contraception, it may not be practical, at least with weekly injections. A second stage of this study will determine whether suppressing sperm production to a particular level results in effective contraception. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)