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Ketotifen has 2 primary effects. First off it is an h1 antihistamine. There are 2 types of antihistamines, h1 and h2. A primary difference is h1 antihistamines cross the blood brain barrier in research subjects and are known to induce drowsiness as a result of this. Ketotifen, being an h1 antihistamine is known to induce this effect. Secondly it is a mast cell stabilizer. Mast cells are cells that are rich in histamine. They are activated via calcium channel transfer; ketotifen blocks this calcium channel transfer. This is of particular note as clenbuterol , via cAMP, activates this calcium channel transfer.
The synergy between clenbuterol and ketotifen in research subjects is complicated to say the least. I mean in all reality they BOTH exhibit antihistamine effects, yet while displaying a synergy at making the other more effective. Just as ketotifen prevents the down regulation of beta 2 receptors, clenbuterol prevents the very same effect in histamine receptors! Luckily for our purposes there is a definitive study which proves that the addition of ketotifen increases the effectiveness of clenbuterol in research subjects. There is also a study which proves its effects on prevention of down regulation of b2 adrenergic receptors. Sometimes science makes it a bit easier. Published, peer reviewed studies proving the effectiveness and synergy of 2 research compounds.
Now I would like to address the myth regarding Benadryl and down regulation of b2 receptors. By the way that is exactly what it is, a myth. There is not one available study showing a synergy or effect like this when using Benadryl with clenbuterol or any other beta 2 adrenergic agonist. In fact the logic used to justify it, other than it (Benadryl) is an antihistamine as well, is total nonsense. The original proponent of this “theory” put out there that Benadryl, because of its effects on phospholipid membrane that many b2 receptors are embedded in. You see he felt that by “protecting” this membrane the b2 receptor could be prevented from down regulating. However nothing could be further from the truth, the down regulation of the b2 receptor has much to do with calcium channel transfer and direct b2 receptor stimulation. The h1 antihistamine effects and the mast cell stabilization effects of ketotifen essentially work to halt this upon administration to our research subject. In fact not only is it halted it is to a degree, undone. The only effect benadryl would exert based on its effects on the phospholipid membrane would be in the form of a direct impact on aldosterone , which induces sodium retention , potassium release, water retention , and effects blood pressure. One would think that since urinary retention and effects on potassium release are well documented as side effects of benadryl administration the person who came up with this “theory “might have put 2 and 2 together. Sadly he did not and the myth that bendaryl is useful for this purpose began and has taken on a life of its own.
So what will ketotifen do with regards to our research that no other compound will? Well when administered with a beta 2 adrenergic agents such as clenbuterol or albuterol it will allow the compound to remain effective for a longer duration, at a lower effective dose. This eliminates the need for dangerously administering very high doses to research subjects which may come along with higher risks and undesirable side effects. It also allows us to administer the beta 2 agonist continuously without a reduction in effectiveness. This will lead to us observing much faster results in our research than if we were required to stop administration or adapt a 2 week on, 2 week off protocol to our research subjects.
Ketotifen is a must have when using a beta 2 agonist in your research. Examples of these would be clenbuterol or albuterol. Its benefits are so great there is literally no reason not to use it in your research in these particular circumstances.
Check it out >> Keto 30 ML 1 MG/ML
Refs:
*"Diphenhydramine Side Effects". Drugs.com. Retrieved 2009-04-06.
*J Pharmacol Sci. 2004 Apr;94(4):449-58.Beta(2)-adrenergic receptor-mediated histamine H(1) receptor down-regulation: another possible advantage of beta(2) agonists in asthmatic therapy.Kawakami N, Miyoshi K, Horio S, Fukui H.Source Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan.
*Z Erkr Atmungsorgane. 1990;175(3):141-6.Effects of ketotifen and clenbuterol on beta- adrenergic receptor functions of lymphocytes and on plasma TXB-2 levels of asthmatic patients.Huszar E, Herjavecz I, Böszörmenyi-Nagy G, Slapke J, Schreiber J, Debreczeni LA. Source Experimental Physiological Research Unit of Koranyi National Institute for TB and Pharlmonology, Budapest/Hungary.
*Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 1990 Sep-Oct;18(5):249-54.Does ketotifen act by directly stimulating beta-adrenergic system?Castillo JG, Santos F, Aguila R, Oehling A.SourceDepartment of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
*Grahnén A; Lönnebo A, Beck O, Eckernäs SA, Dahlström B, Lindström B (May 1992). "Pharmacokinetics of ketotifen after oral administration to healthy male subjects". Biopharm Drug Dispos 13 (4): 255–262. doi:10.1002/bdd.2510130404. PMID 160011
*Monroe, EW; Daly, AF; Shalhoub, RF (1997). "Appraisal of the validity of histmine-induced wheal and flare is used to predict the clinical efficacy of antihistamines". The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology 99 (2): S798–806. PMID 9042073.
Keto 30 ML 1 MG/ML
The synergy between clenbuterol and ketotifen in research subjects is complicated to say the least. I mean in all reality they BOTH exhibit antihistamine effects, yet while displaying a synergy at making the other more effective. Just as ketotifen prevents the down regulation of beta 2 receptors, clenbuterol prevents the very same effect in histamine receptors! Luckily for our purposes there is a definitive study which proves that the addition of ketotifen increases the effectiveness of clenbuterol in research subjects. There is also a study which proves its effects on prevention of down regulation of b2 adrenergic receptors. Sometimes science makes it a bit easier. Published, peer reviewed studies proving the effectiveness and synergy of 2 research compounds.
Now I would like to address the myth regarding Benadryl and down regulation of b2 receptors. By the way that is exactly what it is, a myth. There is not one available study showing a synergy or effect like this when using Benadryl with clenbuterol or any other beta 2 adrenergic agonist. In fact the logic used to justify it, other than it (Benadryl) is an antihistamine as well, is total nonsense. The original proponent of this “theory” put out there that Benadryl, because of its effects on phospholipid membrane that many b2 receptors are embedded in. You see he felt that by “protecting” this membrane the b2 receptor could be prevented from down regulating. However nothing could be further from the truth, the down regulation of the b2 receptor has much to do with calcium channel transfer and direct b2 receptor stimulation. The h1 antihistamine effects and the mast cell stabilization effects of ketotifen essentially work to halt this upon administration to our research subject. In fact not only is it halted it is to a degree, undone. The only effect benadryl would exert based on its effects on the phospholipid membrane would be in the form of a direct impact on aldosterone , which induces sodium retention , potassium release, water retention , and effects blood pressure. One would think that since urinary retention and effects on potassium release are well documented as side effects of benadryl administration the person who came up with this “theory “might have put 2 and 2 together. Sadly he did not and the myth that bendaryl is useful for this purpose began and has taken on a life of its own.
So what will ketotifen do with regards to our research that no other compound will? Well when administered with a beta 2 adrenergic agents such as clenbuterol or albuterol it will allow the compound to remain effective for a longer duration, at a lower effective dose. This eliminates the need for dangerously administering very high doses to research subjects which may come along with higher risks and undesirable side effects. It also allows us to administer the beta 2 agonist continuously without a reduction in effectiveness. This will lead to us observing much faster results in our research than if we were required to stop administration or adapt a 2 week on, 2 week off protocol to our research subjects.
Ketotifen is a must have when using a beta 2 agonist in your research. Examples of these would be clenbuterol or albuterol. Its benefits are so great there is literally no reason not to use it in your research in these particular circumstances.
Check it out >> Keto 30 ML 1 MG/ML
Refs:
*"Diphenhydramine Side Effects". Drugs.com. Retrieved 2009-04-06.
*J Pharmacol Sci. 2004 Apr;94(4):449-58.Beta(2)-adrenergic receptor-mediated histamine H(1) receptor down-regulation: another possible advantage of beta(2) agonists in asthmatic therapy.Kawakami N, Miyoshi K, Horio S, Fukui H.Source Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan.
*Z Erkr Atmungsorgane. 1990;175(3):141-6.Effects of ketotifen and clenbuterol on beta- adrenergic receptor functions of lymphocytes and on plasma TXB-2 levels of asthmatic patients.Huszar E, Herjavecz I, Böszörmenyi-Nagy G, Slapke J, Schreiber J, Debreczeni LA. Source Experimental Physiological Research Unit of Koranyi National Institute for TB and Pharlmonology, Budapest/Hungary.
*Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 1990 Sep-Oct;18(5):249-54.Does ketotifen act by directly stimulating beta-adrenergic system?Castillo JG, Santos F, Aguila R, Oehling A.SourceDepartment of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
*Grahnén A; Lönnebo A, Beck O, Eckernäs SA, Dahlström B, Lindström B (May 1992). "Pharmacokinetics of ketotifen after oral administration to healthy male subjects". Biopharm Drug Dispos 13 (4): 255–262. doi:10.1002/bdd.2510130404. PMID 160011
*Monroe, EW; Daly, AF; Shalhoub, RF (1997). "Appraisal of the validity of histmine-induced wheal and flare is used to predict the clinical efficacy of antihistamines". The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology 99 (2): S798–806. PMID 9042073.
Keto 30 ML 1 MG/ML
