Everything I'm saying is based off studies/research that I've read and is more than likely available on the internet.
I'm going to turn the tables on you and ask you to post your studies showing AAS doesn't effect development in adolescents.
Black Beard posted a study demonstrating how testosterone can reduce adult height, and also mentioned that estrogen has a part in closing growth plates, here is a study dealing with that:
Effects of estrogen on growth plate senescence and epiphyseal fusion
"Our data suggest that (i) epiphyseal fusion is triggered when the proliferative potential of growth plate chondrocytes is exhausted; and (ii) estrogen does not induce growth plate ossification directly; instead, estrogen accelerates the programmed senescence of the growth plate, thus causing earlier proliferative exhaustion and consequently earlier fusion."
We all know that steroid usage increases estrogen when not properly managed, so perhaps this is why steroid usage may cause early fusion of growth plates? Like Black Beard said, maybe usage of an AI would eliminate this risk and that connects to your theory that a properly done cycle may yield no ill effects regardless of age.
Chronic anabolic-androgenic steroid... [Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2000] - PubMed - NCBI
This study deals with hamsters and basically says that hamsters treated with AAS during adolescents showed an increase in aggression. This was caused by altering hypothalamic-arginine vasopressin expression. Now, obviously this is hamsters not humans, so it's not exactly a perfect comparison, but AVP has been linked to the mediation of aggression in humans:
http://www.psychologie.uni-freiburg.de/abteilungen/psychobio/team/publikationen/ProgBrainRes_08.pdf
"these results suggest that AVP may influence aggression by biasing individuals to respond to emotionally ambiguous social stimuli as if they were threatening or aggressive." So the possibility exists that if anabolic steroid usage during adolescence leads to an increase in AVP fibres, it could also lead that person being more aggressive into adulthood, which judging by several people I know that used steroids as a teenager, that would definitely fit even though most of them no longer use AAS.
Now by no means is any of this black and white proof that teens usage will make them midget basket cases, and like you say, effects will always vary from person to person, but at the very least I think these studies show that there is some basis for the claims of AAS effecting mental and physical development in adolescents.
My personal opinion is that regardless of medical effects, teenagers should not be using AAS. This is because the vast majority of teenagers are not in any mental position to be dealing with the complicated aspects of AAS. I'm not just talking about putting together a proper cycle and executing it properly. What I'm talking about is the general mindset and mentality of young people. You're around my age so for us, while our 18th birthday wasn't yesterday, it wasn't all that long ago. Think back to when you were a young 18 year old. I have never met you in my life, but I know with 98% certainty that you were a hard headed idiot. I know this because so was I, and so was every single person on this board, and if you dispute this, you're an idiot. Now I'm not saying that teens can't be extremely intelligent, productive members of society and extremely good people, but all of them are idiots, hell I'm still an idiot. It's just what teenagers do, they are all 10 feet tall and bulletproof, it's been that way forever and always will be. Beyond that though, the emotional roller-coaster that teens go through on a daily basis, and the stress and pressure that they are under, in my mind that is a bad place for steroids to be. I think every person on here who has done even one cycle will agree that an AAS cycle does effect you mentally, whether that be some aggression on cycle, depression during PCT or whatever. Obviously it isn't going to make you a complete nutcase and kill your family, however an unstable mind is no place for AAS. This is one place I do kind of agree with Don Hooton. Kids in high school are on the precipice of their entire life and a year can completely make or break their life, combine that with parents, teachers, friends and colleagues. Beyond high school, young adulthood is a generally stressful time for anyone, your life is likely completely different than it was just a few years before, mom and dad aren't there to save you anymore. Not only is there constant mental stress on teens and young adults, but it is also likely the first time they are having to deal with this type of stress. However that doesn't change from an adult, anytime there is a situation in your life that puts you in a bad place mentally, whether that be a divorce or whatever, I believe you should stay away from steroids.
What my long-winded post is trying to say is that I think the vast majority of teens can not deal with using AAS, and it is dangerous to say that it is safe to say that just because a few may be able to. Beyond that I'm not aware of any studies which have given supraphysiologic doses of steroids to adolescents, the most I have read of is 100mg/week, however there are several in which adults were given high doses. If you know of studies which gave high doses to children I would love to seen them, but until then I would be cautious of saying steroids are safe for teens.